References Guide

APA Referencing Guide

Khoinchha requires a minimum of **15 references** for research articles. All references must follow the APA format guidelines outlined below.

Books

Whole Authored Book

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of book in italic sentence case (Edition, if applicable). Publisher. DOI or URL (if available).

Examples:

Kanitkar, M. (2024). Banaye Jivan Praanvan: Pranvishya Parichaya- Siddhanta evam Vyavahara. Eye View Enterprise.
Sharma, A., & Gupta, R. (2025). Academic research methodology: A concise guide (4th digital ed.). Gyan Prakashan. https://academicresearch.gyanprakashan.in/

Whole Edited Book

Standard Format:Editor's Last Name, First Initial. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book in italic sentence case. Publisher. DOI or URL (if available).

Examples:

Singh, R., & Kumar, D. (Eds.). (2023). Early childhood education in India: Contemporary practices and challenges. National Book Trust, India. https://earlychildhoodindia.natbooktrust.in/
Mehta, A. (Ed.). (2024). Ayurvedic approaches for chronic diseases management. Orient Blackswan.
Sunder, M., Pandey, V., Lakshmi, S., & Basu, R. (Eds.). (2022). Cyber psychology: Influence and implications in the digital age. Sage Publications India. https://doi.org/10.1002/978935XXXXXXX

Republished Book, With Editor

Standard Format:Original Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year of republication). Title of book in italic sentence case (Editor's First Initial. Last Name, Ed.). Publisher of republication. URL (Original work published Original year).

Examples:

Tagore, R. (2020). Gitanjali: A collection of poems (A. K. Sharma, Ed.). Rupa Publications India. http://a.co/00AbCDE (Original work published 1910)

Book Published With New Foreword by Another Author

Standard Format:Original Author's Last Name, First Initial. (with New Foreword Author's First Initial. Last Name). (Year of republication). Title of book in italic sentence case (Edition, if applicable). Publisher. (Original work published Original year).

Examples:

Kalam, A. P. J. Abdul (with Narayan, S.). (2021). Wings of fire: An autobiography (Special ed.). Universities Press. (Original work published 1999)

Several Volumes of a Multivolume Work

Standard Format:Editor's Last Name, First Initial., Editor's Last Name, First Initial. (Eds.). (Year). Title of multivolume work in italic sentence case (Vols. x-y). Publisher.

Examples:

Verma, P. L., Das, A., & Nair, K. S. (Eds.). (2023). Indian history and culture encyclopedia (Vols. 1-5). Macmillan Publishers India.

Book Chapters & Sections

Chapter in an Edited Book

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of chapter in sentence case. In Editor's First Initial. Last Name (Ed.), Title of book in italic sentence case (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. DOI or URL.

Examples:

Singh, A., Das, P., & Verma, R. (2024). Traditional Indian performing arts: Talent development and nurturing. In S. K. Gupta, N. Sharma, & V. Kumar (Eds.), The psychology of artistic excellence: Cultivating creative potential in India (pp. 280-295). National Psychological Association of India. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000XXX-016
Singh, A. (2022). Digital sanchar or suchana samaj ka aavirbhaav. In A. K. Jha & P. K. Mishra (Eds.), Digital Media: Siddhant or Anuprayog (pp. 97-106). Rashtriya Sahitya Sansthan.
Sharma, G. (2023). Play-based learning: The experimenting community in action in Indian pre-schools. In E. Kumari & R. Prasad (Eds.), Early childhood education: Values and practices in India. Shiksha Prakashan. https://earlychildhoodeducation.shikshaprakashan.in/?id=221

Chapter in an Edited Book, Reprinted from Another Book

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year of current publication). Title of chapter. In Editor (Ed.), Title of current book (pp. xx-xx). Publisher. (Reprinted from Original Book, pp. xx-xx, by Original Editor, Ed., Original Year, Original Publisher).

Examples:

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2025). The social ecology of human development: A retrospective conclusion. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 27-40). Sage Publications India. (Reprinted from Child development and environment: An ecological perspective, pp. 113-123, by R. K. Singh, Ed., 1980, Indian Education Press)

Journal Articles

Standard Journal Article

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article in sentence case. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI or URL.

Examples:

Karri, B., & Mathew, G. S. (2022). A comparative analysis of reproductive measures and predictor variables among three tribes of Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2106649

Journal Article with an Article Number

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical in Italics, Volume(Issue), Article Number. DOI or URL.

Examples:

Gupta, S., Rao, L., Devi, P., Krishnan, M., & Verma, N. (2022). Impact of digital learning tools on rural education in India. PLoS ONE, 17(6), Article e0271234. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271234

Journal Article with Missing Volume/Issue

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title of article. Title of Periodical in Italics, (Issue) or Volume, pages. URL.

Examples:

Patel, D. (2024, Monsoon). Addressing mental health stigma in Indian universities. The Journal of University Administration, (55), 78-82. https://www.indianjournals.ac.in/pdf/university_admin_journal_2024.pdf
Joshi, S., Roy, K., & Khanna, A. (2021). Consumer behavior in the age of e-commerce in India. Indian Journal of Marketing Research, 45, 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmr.2021.08.015

Retracted Article or Retraction Notice

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year). Title. Title of Periodical, Volume(Issue), pages. DOI (Retraction published Year, Journal, Vol[Iss], pages).

Examples:

Singh, G., Kaur, H., & Prakash, V. (2018). The effect of yoga on stress reduction in urban professionals. Indian Journal of Health Psychology, 10(3), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0123456789012345 (Retraction published 2020, Indian Journal of Health Psychology, 12[1], 88)
Kumar, A., Sharma, R., & Singh, B. (2021). Retraction: Novel therapeutic approaches for diabetes management in rural India. Indian Medical Journal, 65(8), 1234. https://doi.org/10.1158/0000-0000.IMJ-21-1234

Other Sources

Conference Presentation or Proceeding

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month). Title of paper [Type of presentation]. Name of Conference, City, Country. URL (if available).

Examples:

Khan, F. (2022, December 12). Climate change adaptation strategies in Indian agriculture [Paper presentation]. International Conference on Environmental Science, Delhi, India.
Sharma, P., & Rao, K. (2023, March). Challenges in implementing smart city initiatives in India. In S. Kumar & R. Gupta (Eds.), Proceedings of the International Conference on Urban Development 2023 (pp. 78-92). Springer.

Newspaper & Magazine Articles

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of Periodical. URL or Section, pages.

Examples:

Kumar, A. (2024, May 20). Bharat mein startups: Ek naya daur. India Today, 49(10), 34-38.
Rao, N. (2025, July 12). Gramin Bharat mein digital kranti. The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/digital-revolution-rural-india/articleXXXXXX.ece
Singh, A. (2018, June 09). Girls hostel ka boundary wall nahi banaya isiliye nahi ho pa raha uska upyog. Dainik Bhaskar (Janjgir Edition), p. 8..

Webpage on a Website

Standard Format:Author's Last Name, First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Title of webpage. News Website/Host Name. URL.

Examples:

Sharma, A. (2025, June 18). Why some people in India prefer regional cinema over Bollywood. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/why-some-people-in-india-prefer-regional-cinema-over-bollywood/articleshow/123456789.cms

Need help formatting references?

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